003 FACULTY OF SCIENCE,JNVU JODHPUR

  TEST FOR   COOH (C arboxylic acid) solid aromatic acid Preliminary Tests :- 1.Physical State :- Solid  2. Colour :- White  3.Odour :- odourless 4.Solubility :- insoluble in water 5. Ignition Test :- burn with black smoke 6.Litmus test :-blue  litmus paper turned into red colour Spicific test :-                                                  substance (campound ) +KMnO 4(SOLUTION)                         brown ppt this organic   compund is cinnamic acid  

  ALOE Classification:- Kingdom - Plantae Division  -  Magnoliophyta Class      -   Liliopsida Order    -   Liliales Family  -    Aloaceae Genus   -    Aloe Charateristics :- 1. stemless or very short-stemmed plant   2.   leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green 3.  margin of the leaf is  serrated  and has small white teeth. 4. spines that line the outer edges of the leaves, and some have spines in the center of the leaf.  5. Aloes produce flowers on a tall slender spike, which may be branched, that grows from the center of the rosette of leaves. Flowers vary in size but are generally tubular. 6.   Gel is the colourless mucilaginous gel obtained from the parenchymatous cells in the fresh leaves . 7.Have medicinal properties like - Wound healing, Anti-inflammatory, Burn treatment, Contra indications,

                          Takhtajan’s System of Classification Outline of Classification  The classification as proposed by Takhtajan treats flowering plants as a division (phylum) named Magnoliophyta, with two classes, Magnoliopsida (dicots) and Liliopsida (monocots). These two classes are subdivided into subclasses, and then superorders, orders, and families. Division Class Sub-class Order Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms) Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) Magnolidae 7 Hamamelidae 8 Ranunculidae 3 Caryophyllidae 3 Dillenidae 12 Rosidae 16 Asteridae 7 Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) Alismatidae 3 Lilidae 3 Arecidae 5 Commelinidae 6 IN the class -Magnoliopsida :- Most primitive order: Magnoliales Most advanced order: Asterales.      IN the class - liliopsida  :- Most primitive order: Alismatales Most advanced order: Arales. The Takhtajan system is similar to the classification scheme of Cronquist, but with s...

PLANT TAXONOMY The Greek meaning of taxonomy is “arrangement by rules” and of systematics is “to put together”. The term taxonomy was first coined and used by the famous French botanist A.P. de Candolle in 1813 in his book Theorie Elementaire de la Botanique. Definition:- “science of the classification of organisms according to their resemblances and differences” BASIC COMPONENTS OF TAXONOMY:- Classification, identification, description and nomenclature are the four basic components of taxonomy.  Classification is the arrangement of botanical groups with definite circumscriptions by position and rank according to artificial criteria, phenetic similarities, or phylogenetic relationships.  Identification is the determination of similarities or dissimilarities between the two elements. Under identification we make a direct comparison of the characteristic features of a specimen with those present in the already existing keys for identification.  Description is the order...

HERDMANIA CLASSIFICATION - Kingdom - Animalia          Phylum - Chordat             C lass -  Ascidiacea         Order - Stolidobranchi  Family - Pyurude        Genus - Herdmani   Subphylum Urochordata (Gr., uros = tail; chorde = cord) includes a peculiar group of widely distributed marine animals called sea squirts or ascidians and their allies. In most of them several chordate characters are lost in the adults, but their chordate affinities are clearly seen in their free-swimming larvae which have pharyngeal gill-clefts, a dorsal tubular central nervous system, and a notochord which is confined only to the tail (hence, the name Urochordata). During metamorphosis the chordate characters are lost except gill-clefts. Gill-clefts do not open to the exterior but into an ectoderm-lined atrium. The body becomes surrounded by a coat called test or tunic (hence, the nam...